Nutrition therapy is a central aspect of living well with diabetes (
1
). There is general alignment in the research literature that nutrition therapy has
a positive impact on glycemic control (
2
), can reduce glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels by 1.0% to 2.0% (
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
) and, when applied in combination with other standard components of diabetes care,
can improve clinical and metabolic outcomes, such as weight loss, body mass index
and cholesterol levels (
4
,
5
,
7
,
8
). Typically, people affected by diabetes are prescribed diets that follow Health Canada's
recommendations within the Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide (
9
). However, a variety of dietary patterns that work within these guidelines have shown
positive results for people with diabetes (
1
). For example, the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) 2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines
for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada describe the benefit of diets,
including the vegetarian, the Mediterranean and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
(DASH) diets, and the individuals' values, preferences and abilities should be taken
into consideration when determining the best courses of action (
1
).To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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References
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- The evidence for the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy in diabetes management.Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 608-613
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- The Diabetes Care and Education Dietetic Practice Group. Nutrition practice guidelines for type 1 diabetes mellitus positively affect dietitian practices and patient outcomes.J Am Diet Assoc. 1998; 98: 62-70
- A single nutrition counseling session with a registered dietitian improves short-term clinical outcomes for rural Kentucky patients with chronic diseases.J Am Diet Assoc. 2006; 106: 109-112
- Intervention with delivery of diabetic meals improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2008; 42: 59-63
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- Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide.Health Products and Food Branch, Office of Nutrition and Promotion, Ottawa2007
- Fad diets in the treatment of diabetes.Curr Diab Rep. 2011; 11: 128-135
- Diet and health: Implications for reducing chronic disease risk.The National Academies Press, Washington1989
Statistics Canada. Food statistics 2005. 2006. As cited in Ghosh S, Molcan E, DeCoffe D, et al. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA induce intestinal microbial dysbiosis in aged mice. Br J Nutr 2013;110:515–23.
- Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).JAMA. 2001; 285: 2486-2497
- Excess linoleic acid increases collagen I/III ratio and “stiffens” the heart muscle following high fat diets.J Biol Chem. 2015; 290: 23371-23384
- The neonatal heart has a relatively high content of total collagen and type I collagen, a condition that may explain the less compliant state.J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994; 23: 1204-1208
- Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of type 1 diabetes.Nature. 2008; 455: 1109-1113
- The type and quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate alter faecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid excretion in a metabolic syndrome “at-risk” population.Int J Obes (Lond). 2013; 37: 216-223
- Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity.Nature. 2006; 444: 1022-1023
- Diets rich in n-6 PUFA induce intestinal microbial dysbiosis in aged mice.Br J Nutr. 2013; 110: 515-523
- Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth mimicking acute flare as a pitfall in patients with Crohn's Disease.BMC Gastroenterol. 2009; 30: 61-67
- Cell death and diseases related to oxidative stress: 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in the balance.Cell Death Differ. 2013; 20: 1615-1630
- A high-fat diet rich in corn oil reduces spontaneous locomotor activity and induces insulin resistance in mice.J Nutr Biochem. 2015; 26: 319-326
- Plasma lipids in human linoleic acid deficiency.Nutr Metab. 1971; 13: 150-167
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© 2016 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
