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Abstract
Introduction
In the last one hundred years, since the discovery of insulin, methods of insulin
delivery and glucose monitoring have advanced technologically. In particular, the
introduction of insulin pumps, providing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
(CSII), and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) have been revolutionary for people living
with type 1 diabetes. In this review, we focus on automated insulin delivery (AID)
systems and discuss the implications of both approved and off-label options for the
user and healthcare providers.
Automated Insulin Delivery (AID)
By pairing insulin pumps with CGM, AID systems facilitate automated adjustment in
insulin delivery based on CGM readings. A subset of these have been developed commercially
and have regulatory approval. In contrast, unregulated Do It Yourself (DIY) AID systems,
designed and set up by people living with type 1 diabetes and their families, have
advanced rapidly and are gaining popularity worldwide.
Implications of DIY AID use
These patient-driven technologies have demonstrated impressive user self-reported
improvements in glycemic control and quality of life, but have not been evaluated
in any formal randomized controlled trials or by regulators. This presents challenging
uncertainty for healthcare providers, as do the ethical and legal implications in
supporting people with diabetes who wish to use these technologies.
Conclusions
The current knowledge, opinions and practices relating to the use of AID systems across
Canada are unknown. Gathering this information will highlight current practice, areas
of knowledge gaps and concern, and aid focused education. This understanding is crucial
to ensure people with type 1 diabetes using these systems have access to optimal,
consistent and safe patient-centred care.
Keywords
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Article Info
Publication History
Accepted:
June 13,
2022
Received in revised form:
May 27,
2022
Received:
January 28,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Key messages
• Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems are at the forefront of technological advancements in the management of type 1 diabetes.
• Do It Yourself (DIY) AID systems present ethical, legal and liability challenges for healthcare providers, impacting patient care worldwide.
• Current healthcare provider knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding DIY AID use across Canada are an unknown entity.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Canadian Diabetes Association.
